Do Women Prefer Dark Colors Than Men - 765 Words

Statistic Final Project: â€Å"Do women prefer dark colors than men?† By: Andrea Motta Previous Studies of this topic According to the study done by Guilford and Smith (1959), there was found that men are generally more attracted toward achromatic colors than women. In addition, they also proposed that women might be more conscious of the colors and their color preference is more flexible and diverse. Also, years later, McInnis and Shearer (1964) stated that 56% of men and 76% of women preferred cool colors, and 51% men and 45% women chose bright colors. In a similar study, Plater (1967) stated that men usually prefer stronger chromes than women. Statement of the problem Although there have been many studies about the relationship of colors†¦show more content†¦(Specifying if it is dark or light/bright color) The response of the total 100 people sample was described as: 10% of men and 9% of women prefer dark clothes and dark color for their car. 12% of men and 22% of women prefer light/bright clothes and light/bright color for their car. 26% of men and 21% of women does not have a relationship in color. Analysis of the Data The samples and results are not limited to a specific area because of the use of social media, but it was simple random sample. Descriptive Data Analysis: A pie chart was used to describe the sample data since there were only two categories of individuals (Men and Women). The pie chart reveled that the majority of respondents were Women (52%) compared to Men (48%). On one hand, the 52% of women were distributed as, 42% preferred light colors, 17% preferred dark colors, and 41% did not have preference of colors (figure 1). On the other side, the 48% of men were distributed as, 25% of light colors, 21% of dark colors, and 54% did not have color preference (figure 2). Test Analysis: Chi-square analysis was done using TI-84plus to identify the association of gender and preference of color. The claim that the color chosen is dependent of the gender is tested at ∠=0.05. Hypothesis Ho: The color chosen is independent of the gender. Ha: The color chosen is dependent of the gender. (Claim) Test Statistic (TI-84plus): 2ND + X-1 Edit (Enter data from figure 3, excluding labels) STAT

Business Management Free Essays

Management is composed of directing and having a certain control over an individual or a group of individuals or entities having a specific purpose or aim and may refer to a person or people who manage. The purpose or aim of management would be to coordinate and harmonize the individual or group of individuals controlled in order to attain or accomplish a goal. Furthermore, deployment and manipulation of resources, which could be human, financial, technological or natural, can also be included in management and usually employing or requires power. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Business management tackles a wide range of categories or topics. The topics or four articles chosen are entitled, (1) The Responsive Manger/Leader, (2) Manager No-No’s, (3) My Bad: Sometimes, even CEOs have to say they’re sorry, and (4) Keep Your Customers in View. These articles are chosen for they teach what leaders should be, in relation to themselves, to their work, to their employees and to their customers. Business management would fail without an excellent, or at least a good manager or leader. Furthermore, without the other people, employees and customers, business with excellent leaders would still be empty. Business management would not work well if good relationship among the managers, employees and customers is not present. These articles would be very helpful in empowering individuals to strive or work better in empowering themselves, and the people around them and help them be future leaders or managers. In the first article, â€Å"The Responsive Manager/Leader†, the influence responsive manager is described in terms of his work, the things that he should do and the characteristics that he should possess. The responsive manager is able to form relationships through trust and respect. He does this by seeing to it that the woes and problems of the employees are heard and he influences them to solve the problems. In the end, his employees work more diligently and are empowered to work for him. Most likely, the establishment or organization with a responsive leader would succeed (Bacal). In the second article by Laura Candris, â€Å"Manager No-No’s†, includes the things that a manager should always check and do, more specifically, the mistakes that a manager should avoid are discussed. Mistakes such as failure to document, arbitrary treatment of employees, and failure to investigate should be prevented by the manager. If these things happen, the employees could sue him, leading to a business or organizational failure. In the third article by Donna Fenn, â€Å"Sometimes, even CEOs have to say they’re sorry†, it was explained that CEOs are also humans, capable of making mistakes and often, a lot of people beside themselves are hurt or affected by such mistakes. It is said that a simple, clear, truthful and sincere apology from leaders or managers would be enough to boost themselves back to a position that they would be respected by the employees. This is important for it teaches a leader not to further increase the gap in the employer-employee relationship, as much as possible to fill the gap. It is also stated that practicing what you preach as a leader or manager is a good thing to do to keep employees empowered with their work. The fourth article, â€Å"Keep your customers in view†, explains that it is important as managers to think as customers and look for ways to manage the work routines to easily deal and help customers. Methods such as to diagram the process and to measure outcomes, are some of the ways that could be used to tell the customers the flow of processing transactions and in understanding and creating ways to solve implications of certain actions. After properly managing an excellent customer service and organization that suits the customers well, attaining success would be easier (Sarrel). The first article shows that things that a manager should consider to manage his employees while the fourth article deals with managing the customers. The second article deals with managing business and preventing lawsuits while the third article shows management of mistakes, if ever they would arise. The author of the third article seems to have a personal experience on the topic and was able to fully explain through stating events or incidents. While the author of the fourth article was able to personally deal with customers, therefore was able to explain how managing customers would lead to success. He was also able to show how a customer-based organization would properly work. The author of the first and second article seems to be consultants, for they were able to give advices well on how to be good and responsive managers, having the capability to decrease errors and lawsuits. Works Cited Bacal, Robert. â€Å"The Responsive Manager/Leader†.   Ontario, Canada, 2007.   Bacal and Associates. October 18, 2007. http://www.work911.com/articles/responsle.htm. Candris, Laura A. â€Å"Manager No-No’s†.   2007.   Financial-Planning and Source Media, Inc. October 18, 2007. http://www.financial-planning.com/pubs/fp/20070901017.html. Fenn, Donna. â€Å"My Bad: Sometimes, Even CEOs Have to Say They’re Sorry†.   New York, 2007.   Mansueto Ventures LLC. October 18, 2007. http://www.inc.com/magazine/20071001/my-bad.html. Sarrel, Matthew D. â€Å"Keep Your Customers in View†.   2007.   Ziff Davis Publishing Holdings, Inc. October 18, 2007. http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,1895,2193464,00.asp. How to cite Business Management, Essay examples Business Management Free Essays Pandora Medal In terms of risk, uncertainty, and how its managers handled the company’s challenges. What Is the current news on this company? The meaning of a business operating under conditions of uncertainty Is the lack of pertinent information and cannot estimate accurately the likelihood of different results of their actions. Pandora media provides internet radio services in the united States. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of Pander’s risks that would lead to the company’s probability of success would be the uncertainty at the core of finance. Meaning, even though Pander’s music service has grown to 80 million registered users and a database of over 800,000. They still lack to generate sufficient revenue to turn a profit due to the economy. Managers handle the company challenges by modifying its original commitment to the free radio model, offering users an alternative. Listeners who would prefer to skip the advertising have an option to pay $36 per year for ad-free streaming of their music. 2) What effects does time pressure have on your decision making? In what ways do you handle It well and not so well? The effect time pressure has on an Individual loud be the use of proper time management. For example. Your boss need you to pick up the slack for someone who took a sick leave you have their work as well as your. The best way to handle the situation is organization. Being able to accomplish doing your work and theirs without falling behind. I had a situation were I was on call working a IT position that required me to monitor a server for a fortune 500 level company. Hardware needed to be repaired overnight. Time management was key because I knew that if I got paged late at night I would have to prepare time to work he issue as well as has have enough sleep to work the next day. 3) Recall a recent decision that you had difficulty making. Describe it In terms of the characterless of managerial decisions. I can recall a situation working for IBM as a storage admit working a seventy Issue on a hardware server some ports failed causing failure to the internet between our service and their company. I had to call a IT in another state where the company was located to schedule time to repair the problem. I designed an Microsoft excel design plan that needed to be approved by y manager in order to processed in resolving the issue. Being new to the company I took a lot of sufficient notes in order to be successful. This improved my personal growth within the company helping me design the plan for reviews and get approved by my 1st line manager for the process. I also had to use my networking skills by listening and asking my co-workers if I needed answers. This is were my programmed decision were critical when It came to dealing with technology. 4) What do you think are some advantages and disadvantages to using computer technology In decision making? The advantages of technology are the Improvement of company relative cost. Also the company’s overall business strategy meaning the important technologies to reinforce the company’s competitive position. The disadvantages of using computer technology are failure of hardware and software that is purchased by a company. Also having outdated technology that causes problems to compete with other companies as well as performance issues on company projects. 5) Discuss the potential advantages and disadvantages of using a group to make decisions. Give examples from your experience. The advantages of using group sections for business project would help give better perspective of the work. Also the ability to use ready-made solutions or custom made solutions between the experience and non-experienced members of your group. For example, if you work in a pool environment for a company the advantage would be networking with your time to improve your skills for your Job position. The only disadvantage is someone in your group lacks the ability to perform at the level of the group members in order to successful finish work. Or a uncertain team member not being optimistic about the causing the group to fail. How to cite Business Management, Essays Business management Free Essays string(55) " company s account and deliver the bank payment slips\." It has a database holding various companies’ records specifically job vacancies. Therefore, it matches the qualities required and the candidates’ qualifications. BBC, S company structure In any firm, the organizational structure is a vital factor which determines the success and achievement of the set goals. We will write a custom essay sample on Business management or any similar topic only for you Order Now The structure of a company portrays not only the hierarchy of responsibilities in the company but also it defines the division of functions (Allen, 2000). The hierarchy determines various levels of personnel in the organization. The main role of the hierarchy is to substantiate the person or groups of persons responsible for the development of the company’s vision and their tasks in pursuit of the session aimed at achieving the set goals (Bassett, 2004). On the other hand, the division of roles amongst the workers places each employee in the most efficient position viable for maximum production. BBC Company is made up of various positions. The main positions include the managing Director, business development manager, recruitment manager and the support stuff which include the accountants, legal officers and the technical personnel. Abs’s organization Chart I. Managing Director The managing director is the overall supervisor. He oversees the entire operation of the company. Some of the primary duties of the managing director are to supervise the general operation of the company, coordinates the financial management tasks and also initiate the development ideologies important for the achievement of the mission, vision and objectives (Shoehorning, 2013). Ii. Development Manager The development manager works in coordination with the marketers in order to bring the clients. The development manager is responsible for the initiation of the strategies required for creation of health network with the clients (Smith,2003). However, he is under the managing director. Iii. Recruitment Manager The recruitment manager works closely with the development manager. While the development manager markets the company and brings in the clients, the recruitment manager is responsible for the verification of the clients’ qualification to find the potential candidates for particular available job vacancies. He also sets the recruitment conditions and standards. Additionally, he develops the recruitment goals (Steen, 2006). The recruitment manager takes instructions from the managing director. Iv. Support Staff The management team cannot operate without the support staff. For the ease of the BBC Company, the support staff includes the accountants, the Technical personnel and the legal officers. The role of the legal officer is to ensure that the recruitment contracts are in accordance with the relevant legislations. The technical persons are responsible for maintenance of proper computer networks and development of more efficient management systems. The accountants are responsible for the maintenance of financial records and provide the statements when required. The support staffs receives instructions from the managers. BBC Company’s Objectives The company’s main objectives include; . Increase the number of the clients. Ii. Improve the service delivery. Iii. Satisfy the client needs to the fullest. Mission To be the leading recruitment company globally and which inclines its efforts towards satisfying the clients. Process Map for clients’ recruitment Plan to Ensure Legal, Regulatory and Ethical Objectives The company needs proper plan which ensures consistency in legal, regulatory and ethical objectives in its operation. The plan is as follows I. The management should review the business contracts and other legal documents to find their validity and compatibility with the state laws. I. The company’s operation to be conducted in accordance with the state law. Iii. The recruitment exercise must never subject any client to any form of injustice. Iv. The management to seek to have feedback from the clients on the quality of service delivery. Recommendation on Alignment of manpower and available resources Using SMART. SMART is an acronym which refers to Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Timely. This provides the guideline for setting up the objectives. S: Specific. The desired goals and objectives by the organization should be specific. For instance, the management should be specific on the type of qualification required when recruiting the clients. M: Measurable: The management should establish concrete methodology used to measure progress towards achievement of the desired goals. For instance, the organization should ask itself how many available job vacancies are available against particular number of candidates. A: Attainable: The objectives should be within the reach especially in terms of available resources for instance, finance. R: Realistic: The goals or objectives must be within the capability. The company can fail if it Sets Very high objectives and goals which are never attainable. In regard to this, the company needs to consider the available resources and their efficiency to enable the achievement of the desired goals. T: Timely: Any goal is bound to a specific timeshare. This determines the time required for a goal to be attained. The availability of resources and their alignment enables timely attainment of the goals. The BBC Company New System. Considering the weaknesses associated with the current system, a new system is implemented which is more efficient and ensures SMART attainment of the set goals. The previous system was associated with poor uncial management, slow service delivery and generally poor leadership. Therefore, the new systems are as follow. Service Delivery system: A new digital system is put in place to enable service delivery in the shortest time possible. With this system, the clients have to deliver their academic and personal documents are delivered to the company’s website via the Internet. The recruitment officers’ access the documents, verify their originality, test the qualification and communicate to the applicant online. Therefore, the applicants do not have to appear at the company offices in person. Digital ATA management system: The new management system is deployed which is used to manage data in the most convenient way. This system minimizes human error and also saves time when retrieving information because the officers do not have to go through big files in search of records. Payment system: There is no more cash payment, rather, the clients make payment directly to the company s account and deliver the bank payment slips. You read "Business management" in category "Management" This minimizes corruption where money gets lost in the hands of the officers. Work activities meeting operational plan Planning: This activity involves outlining objectives, and setting the prospected results. The techniques for achievement are also outlined under this activity. Organizing: organization of the BBC Company is crucial because it enables establishment of the structures and systems in which the activities are arranged and coordinated based on the particular plans and objectives. Staffing: this activity involves accomplishment of the personnel functions. The functions involve selection and training the staff members and also maintenance of proper and favorable conditions for work (Personnel management function, 1993). Directing: Directing is done by the managers and it involves embodying decision making through instructions. This activity is done in line with the set operational plan. Coordinating: coordination is an activity which is aimed at inter-relating the various activities undertaken within the organization. For instance, it inter-relates the highly ranked managers and the support staff. Reporting: Reporting is one of the tools important for ensuring quality checks. This involves making the various organs which include the shareholders, managers, the public, clients, us pliers and others informed regarding the progress of the organization. Budgeting: budgeting refers to the setting of financial plans, financial management control, keeping of financial records and also ensuring that the cost is in line with the set goals and objectives. Quality Management Systems Quality management systems refer to the techniques employed to enable proper communication between the manager and the employees concerning the quality of service to be delivered to the clients (Quality management systems, 2008). The employees are kept in check to deliver services in accordance to the set standard specifications. Quality management system design. Below are the steps important for designing of the quality management system. I. Studying and Understanding the current organizational structure and the associated processes. This involves studying the environment, the competitive level and others. Ii. Development of performance priorities. The BBC performance priorities are in line with shareholders and other stakeholders’ expectations and desires. This is done before the action design is done. Iii. Development Of performance indicators. The measurement Of every department’s performance enables tracking of the general performance of the organization. In this case, the top-down approach meets the bottom-up approach. Iv. Collection of the required data. This involves the calculation of the performance indicators. V. Designing reporting and performance data representation formats. This step involves the decision on how the data is presented to the end users. It also entails how the users provide the feedback for management, monitoring and improvement purposes based on the data provided. Vi. Testing and adjusting the performance measurement system. This step involves improvement of the previous performance system based on the feedback from the users. All elements working in unplanned manner are adjusted to enhance desired level of performance. Vii. Implementation of the system. This is the final step after designing the quality management system of BBC recruiting company. This is where the system is officially launched and put in use for the entire organization operation. The implementation stage involves the managing the user access, training of the users and also the demonstration of the system operation. The system designing process can be presented in chart as follows Quality culture to ensure continuous monitoring ,evaluation and development of process Demonstration of culture is a vital exercise in the organization. This can be demonstrated as follows; I. Leadership emphasis Managers in BBC Recruitment Company must understand that the basis of leadership is quality. The key objective worked on is to promote quality service delivery in the most efficient and faster way. Ii. Maintaining a leadership emphasis on quality. In any case, there are always gaps between what the managers advocate for and what they do. Therefore, awareness about the gaps must be made obvious to the employees. Additionally, the managers and executive directors must demonstrate commitment towards promotion of the quality service delivery. Iii. Ensuring message credibility. The messages provided by the company regarding the quality of services just be realistic and trusted. Credibility Of message earns the company clients loyalty. Credibility of messages is one of the legal and ethical conditions that the company must observe and practice. Iv. Encouraging peer involvement. Exercising peer engagement in the organization is a crucial balancing of act. Showing little support by the managers leads to loss of important opportunities. Therefore, they should be fully involved in activities. The managers also can consider important printing materials such as burners in the working place reminding the employees on the importance and needs to deliver quality service. The workers also should be motivated on their good performances (Purposive, 2006). Recommendation on the improvements The Abs’s current system is associated with various weaknesses which have led to complain from the clients. The complaints are centered on poor leadership which has resulted to a lot of deficits within the company. Therefore, changes must be recommended in order to improve the service delivery as stipulated in the organizations, objectives and set goals. The recommendations are as follows. I. The company must ensure employing qualified managers and other persons in charge of various positions in order o improve the productivity especially the top most positions. For instance, the operation managers must have full knowledge and skills on how to pursue the various roles relevant to their positions. The managers must be well equipped with skills for initiation of valid ideologies important for the development of the company. Unqualified personnel are liabilities within the company since they earn a lot and produce less hence earn the company a lot of deficits. Ii. Proper marketing strategies must be put in place in order to increase the number of clients who are the main source of revenues to the company (Lick, 1999). The main cause of the deficits in the company is that the company spends a lot and the returns from the clients are minimal because of the small number of clients. Iii. The company should adopt the modern system of service delivery which speeds up the process. This will ensures timely service delivery to the clients. The manual systems are time consuming and also never efficient in handling large number of clients. The modern system, probably the digital systems ensures quality service delivery. Iv. Also, the other reason for the deficits within the organization is corruption amongst the managers and other officers. There should be a proper monitoring system which ensures frequent generation of financial records in order to trace the revenues and the expenditure. Also electronic mode of payment and banking should be embraced unlike the manual handling of money which provides opportunities to some corrupt workers to steal and misappropriate funds. . Also, legal and ethical values should be observed in the company’s processes in order to remain relevant to the state and client expectation. Unethical operation makes the clients develop negative attitude towards the company hence underperformed. Report on the implication of he proposed changes The proposed changes are of great importance to th e company. BBC Company is under crisis under its current management system. Qualified Personnel Qualification in any relevant position is very important since it ensures maximum productivity. Any position, irrespective of its level within the company is associated with particular skills. These skills are the key resources for productivity. It is also important to match one’s qualification with the relevant job category. Operating in one’s level of expertise ensures quality and improved level of performances. Therefore, it is worth important o ensure that the roles in BBC company are allocated considering the qualifications of the workers. Taking an example of the operation managers, they are tasked with management of the processes within the company. Therefore, they are required to be skilled on the relevant processes being undertaken and also possess techniques of aligning the available resources to their tasks to ensure maximum productivity (Product liability,ND). Proper marketing strategies Marketing is the key factor that fascinates the clients to seek services with the BBC Company. There are various other companies providing the name recruitment services and the company is tasked to strategies the best ideas that can make them develop competitive advantages over the others. There are various ways for marketing which include making advertisement via radios, televisions, social media such as faceable and also using marketing agents who make direct contact with the clients (Foss, 2012).. Develop financial monitoring system Corruption and misappropriation of funds within the organization is one of the worst practices that can kill the general development. Therefore, the company must put in place monitoring system which includes safe moment mode which includes direct banking by the clients on registration and frequent generation of the financial records which enables tracing of revenues and expenditure. Modern service Delivery system The modern digital service delivery system is very crucial at the current generation since it is very convenient and safes time. The client may not even need to appear to the company registration premises rather he or she may need to make online application and the records are delivered directly to the company’s portals for verification and approval is communicated to the client via email or phone. Also, the digital mode of keeping records is important because it ensure easy retrieval of the same when required (Davis, 1993). The record keepers waste a lot of time accessing records saved in hard copy files. Proper legal and ethical values Legal and ethical values are very crucial factors in general processes in the company. They ensure relevance with the client and state expectation (Cross,2007). Risk Assessment Working with BBC Company is associated with some risks. Computer operators within the company suffer risk of developing computer syndrome. Long term use of computer leads to complication which includes eye implication and also the long term effects may be cancer due to exposure to Radiant from the cathode ray tube screens. Also, the field marketers suffer risks of getting indulged in accidents such as road accidents because they travel almost daily. Also, the buildings are under risk of catching fire because of heat generated by heavy machines used for instance, the generators. Demonstration Health and safety regulations To minimize the risks, the company has set the maximum time one has to work on the computer probably two hours in a day (Design to reduce technical risk, 2007). This is achieved by employing sufficient employees who work in shifts. Also, the vehicles used are serviced regularly to ensure that they are in good conditions. Over speeding the company’s vehicles are illegal and the company’s mechanics have fixed speed governors to all the company vehicles. Additionally, the building has a lot of fire extinguishers which ensures safety in case of fire (LEN Site 200 Risk Management Plans, 2008). Review of BBC Company Health and safety policies Below are some of the company’s health and safety policies and regulation; I. It is illegal to spit carelessly within the company. Ii. No smoking in the work place iii. In case of fire, get out of the building as soon as possible through nearby exit and use the available fire extinguishers to fight the fire. Iv. Strangers are not permitted into the company premises unless permitted. V. Make use of the dust pits. Implementation of the health and safety policies. A body is formed to ensure that the health and safety policies are observed by all. Also the body is responsible for taking legal actions against anyone breaching the policies. The group also conducts the seminars on the important of the observing the safety and healthy policies. How to cite Business management, Essays

Heavy Metals free essay sample

Introduction The term heavy metal refers to any metallic chemical component that has a comparatively high denseness and is toxic or toxicant at low concentrations. Examples of heavy metals include quicksilver ( Hg ) , Cd ( Cd ) , arsenic ( As ) , Cr ( Cr ) , Tl ( Tl ) , and lead ( Pb ) . Heavy metals are natural constituents of the Earth s crust. They can non be degraded or destroyed. To a little extent they enter our organic structures via nutrient, imbibing H2O and air. As hint elements, some heavy metals ( e.g. Cu, Se, Zn ) are indispensable to keep the metamorphosis of the human organic structure. However, at higher concentrations they can take to poisoning. Heavy metal toxic condition could ensue, for case, from drinking-water taint ( e.g. lead pipes ) , high ambient air concentrations near emanation beginnings, or intake via the nutrient concatenation. Heavy metals are unsafe because they tend to bioaccumulate. Bioaccumulation means an addition in the concentration of a chemical in a biological being over clip, compared to the chemical s concentration in the environment. Compounds accumulate in populating things any clip they are taken up and stored faster than they are broken down ( metabolized ) or excreted. Heavy metals can come in a H2O supply by industrial and consumer waste, or even from acidic rain interrupting down dirts and let go ofing heavy metals into watercourses, lakes, rivers, and groundwater. Environmental and wellness hazards. Now we are traveling to depict the effects of the heavy metals in the environment. The three most pollutans heavy metals are Lead, Cadmium, and Mercury. Effectss of Antimony on the environment Antimony is a metal used in the compound Sb trioxide, a fire retardent. It can besides be found in batteries, pigments, and ceramics and glass. Exposure to high degrees of Sb for short periods of clip causes nausea, purging, and diarrhoea. There is small information on the effects of long-run Sb exposure, but it is a suspected human carcinogen. Most antimony compounds do non bioaccumulate in aquatic life. Effectss of Cadmium on the environment Cadmium derives its toxicological belongingss from its chemical similarity to zinc an indispensable micronutrient for workss, animate beings and worlds. Cadmium is biopersistent and, one time absorbed by an being, remains resident for many old ages ( over decennaries for worlds ) although it is finally excreted. In worlds, long-run exposure is associated with nephritic dysfunction. High exposure can take to clogging lung disease and has been linked to lung malignant neoplastic disease, although informations refering the latter are hard to construe due to intensifying factors. Cadmium may besides bring forth bone defects ( osteomalacia, osteoporosis ) in worlds and animate beings. In add-on, the metal can be linked to increased blood force per unit area and effects on the myocardium in animate beings, although most human informations do non back up these findings. The mean day-to-day consumption for worlds is estimated as 0.15 # 181 ; g from air and 1 # 181 ; g from H2O. Smoking a package of 20 coffin nails can take to the inspiration of around 2-4 # 181 ; g of Cd, but degrees may change widely. In what signifier is emitted Cadmium? Cadmium is produced as an inevitable byproduct of Zn ( or on occasion lead ) refinement, since these metals occur of course within the natural ore. However, one time collected the Cd is comparatively easy to recycle. The most important usage of Cd is in nickel/cadmium batteries, as rechargeable or secondary power beginnings exhibiting high end product, long life, low care and high tolerance to physical and electrical emphasis. Cadmium coatings provide good corrosion opposition, peculiarly in high emphasis environments such as Marine and aerospace applications where high safety or dependability is required ; the coating is preferentially corroded if damaged. Other utilizations of Cd are as pigments, stabilizers for PVC, in metals and electronic compounds. Cadmium is besides present as an dross in several merchandises, including phosphate fertilizers, detergents and refined crude oil merchandises. In the general, non-smoking population the major exposure tract is through nutrient, via the add-on of Cd to agricultural dirt from assorted beginnings ( atmospheric deposition and fertiliser application ) and uptake by nutrient and fresh fish harvests. Extra exposure to worlds arises through Cd in ambient air and imbibing H2O. Effectss of Chromium on the environment Chromium is used in metal metals and pigments for pigments, cement, paper, gum elastic, and other stuffs. Low-level exposure can annoy the tegument and cause ulceration. Long-run exposure can do kidney and liver harm, and damage excessively circulative and nerve tissue. Chromium frequently accumulates in aquatic life, adding to the danger of eating fish that may hold been exposed to high degrees of Cr. Effectss of Copper on the environment Copper is an indispensable substance to human life, but in high doses it can do anaemia, liver and kidney harm, and tummy and enteric annoyance. Peoples with Wilson s disease are at greater hazard for wellness effects from overexposure to Cu. Copper usually occurs in imbibing H2O from Cu pipes, every bit good as from additives designed to command algal growing. Effectss of Lead on the environment In worlds exposure to take can ensue in a broad scope of biological effects depending on the degree and continuance of exposure. Assorted effects occur over a wide scope of doses, with the developing fetus and baby being more sensitive than the grownup. High degrees of exposure may ensue in toxic biochemical effects in worlds which in bend cause jobs in the synthesis of hemoglobin, effects on the kidneys, GI piece of land, articulations and generative system, and ague or chronic harm to the nervous system. gt ; Lead toxic condition, which is so terrible as to do apparent unwellness, is now really rare so. At intermediate concentrations, nevertheless, there is persuasive grounds that lead can hold little, elusive, subclinical effects, peculiarly on neuropsychological developments in kids. Some surveies suggest that there may be a loss of up to 2 IQ points for a rise in blood leadlevels from 10 to 20 # 181 ; g/dl in immature kids. Average day-to-day lead consumption for grownups in the UK is estimated at 1.6 # 181 ; g from air, 20 # 181 ; g from imbibing H2O and 28 # 181 ; g from nutrient. Although most people receive the majority of their lead consumption from nutrient, in specific populations other beginnings may be more of import, such as H2O in countries with lead piping and plumbosolvent H2O, air near point of beginning emanations, dirt, dust, pigment flakes in old houses or contaminated land. Lead in the air contributes to take degrees in nutrient through deposition of dust and rain incorporating the metal, on harvests and the dirt. For the bulk of people in the UK, nevertheless, dietetic lead exposure is good below the probationary tolerable hebdomadal consumption recommended by the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation and the World Health Organisation. In what signifier is emitted lead? Lead in the environment arises from both natural and anthropogenetic beginnings. Exposure can happen through imbibing H2O, nutrient, air, dirt and dust from old pigment incorporating lead. In the general non-smoking, grownup population the major exposure tract is from nutrient and H2O. Food, air, H2O and dust/soil are the major possible exposure tracts for babies and immature kids. For babies up to 4 or 5 months of age, air, milk expression and H2O are the important beginnings. Lead is among the most recycled non-ferrous metals and its secondary production has hence grown steadily in malice of worsening lead monetary values. Its physical and chemical belongingss are applied in the fabrication, building and chemical industries. It is easy shaped and is ductile and malleable. There are eight wide classs of usage: batteries, gasoline additives ( no longer allowed in the EU ) , rolled and extruded merchandises, metals, pigments and compounds, overseas telegram overlay, shooting and ammo. Effectss of Mercury on the environment Mercury is a toxic substance which has no known map in human biochemistry or physiology and does non happen of course in life beings. Inorganic quicksilver toxic condition is associated with shudders, gingivitis and/or minor psychological alterations, together with self-generated abortion and inborn deformity. Monomethylmercury causes harm to the encephalon and the cardinal nervous system, while fetal and postpartum exposure hold given rise to abortion, inborn deformity and development alterations in immature kids. In what signifier is emitted Mercury? Mercury is a planetary pollutant with complex and unusual chemical and physical belongingss. The major natural beginning of quicksilver is the degassing of the Earth # 8217 ; s crust, emanations from vents and vaporization from natural organic structures of H2O. Global excavation of the metal leads to indirect discharges into the ambiance. The use of quicksilver is widespread in industrial procedures and in assorted merchandises ( e.g. batteries, lamps and thermometers ) . It is besides widely used in dental medicine as an amalgam for fillings and by the pharmaceutical industry. Concern over quicksilver in the environment arises from the highly toxic signifiers in which quicksilver can happen. Mercury is largely present in the ambiance in a comparatively unreactive signifier as a gaseous component. The long atmospheric life-time ( of the order of 1 twelvemonth ) of its gaseous signifier means the emanation, conveyance and deposition of quicksilver is a planetary issue. Natural biological procedures can do methylated signifiers of quicksilver to organize which bioaccumulate over a million-fold and dressed ore in life beings, particularly fish. These signifiers of quicksilver: monomethylmercury and dimethylmercury are extremely toxic, doing neurotoxicological upsets. The chief tract for quicksilver to worlds is through the nutrient concatenation and non by inspiration. The chief beginnings of quicksilver emanations in the UK are from the industry of Cl in quicksilver cells, non-ferrous metal production, coal burning and crematory. UK emanations of quicksilver are unsure and it is estimated that the scope is from 13 to 36 metric tons per twelvemonth ( DERA ) . Emissions are estimated to hold declined by around # 1109 ; # 8217 ; s between 1970-1998 ( NAEI ) , chiefly due to improved controls on quicksilver cells and their replacing, and the autumn in coal usage. Whilst there has been a diminution in the degree of European emanations of quicksilver, emanations from outside of Europe have started to increase # 8211 ; increasing the degree of ambient concentrations in the continent. Effectss of Nickel on the environment Small sums of Nickel are needed by the human organic structure to bring forth ruddy blood cells, nevertheless, in inordinate sums, can go mildly toxic. Short-run overexposure to nickel is non known to do any wellness jobs, but long-run exposure can do decreased organic structure weight, bosom and liver harm, and skin annoyance. The EPA does non presently modulate Ni degrees in imbibing H2O. Nickel can roll up in aquatic life, but its presence is non magnified along nutrient ironss. Effectss of Selenium on the environment Selenium is needed by worlds and other animate beings in little sums, but in larger sums can do harm to the nervous system, weariness, and crossness. Selenium accumulates in populating tissue, doing high Se content in fish and other beings, and doing greater wellness jobs in homo over a life-time of overexposure. These wellness jobs include hair and fingernail loss, harm to kidney and liver tissue, harm to circulative tissue, and more terrible harm to the nervous system. 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Interpreter of Maladies Essay Example

Interpreter of Maladies Essay Jhumpa Lahiris book of short stories, Interpreter of Maladies, reflects a realism that is seldom read in fiction. The characters are neither boring nor extraordinary, but they do face situations and dilemmas that are indicative of real life. Though the stories are all unrelated, they do share similar themes. These reoccurring motifs are religion, New-world v . Old-world tradition, gender roles, and secrecy. These themes become vital in the development of each and every character in the work. In Lahiris collection of works, a common, yet subtle theme is secrecy. In the stories, many of the characters find themselves in different situations that manifest solely because they have withheld things from their loved ones. Such an example is in the opening story of the book, A Temporary Matter. In the story, the married couple, Shukumar and Shoba, find themselves divulging secrets that they concealed their entire marriage. In the end, their lack of communication proves to be their downfall. In the story Sexy, the entire story is centered around a secret affair between a single woman and a married man. In this story, Lahiri takes a creative turn, in which the protagonist Miranda keeps secrets from Dev, the married man with whom the affair is taking place. This is a bit of irony that even within an affair, a relationship initially built upon secrecy can in fact fall prey to secrecy. But furthermore, it is Lahiris use of secrecy that in turn humanizes her characters and makes them more relatable to the reader. A second important overtone in Interpreter of Maladies is the presentation of traditional gender roles. We will write a custom essay sample on Interpreter of Maladies specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Interpreter of Maladies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Interpreter of Maladies specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Rather than presenting gender roles as stated by tradition, Lahiri presented the reader with instances in which the roles of husbands and wives were often challenged or reversed. In the title story, Interpreter of Maladies, the character of Mrs. Das behaves in an almost opposite manner from any traditional Indian woman. She is cold and callous towards her own children and is blatantly honest about her infidelity when speaking to Mr. Kapasi. Mr. Das, on the contrary, nurtures the children and shows a general interest towards his family. Gender roles are also challenged in the story A Temporary Matter. Shukumar (Shobas husband), while being a student at home, begins to take on the traditional role of females in Indian society in his domestic work. At this time, Shoba provides as the breadwinner in the relationship and portrays an insensitivity that is traditionally indicative of men. In the collection, religious descent also plays an underlying role in the stories. The majority of the characters in the book are Hindu and this plays a part in some of the stories. One significant example of this is in the story This Blessed House. In the story the protagonist, Sanjeev, finds himself at odds with his wife over some Christian relics in his Hindu household. Though religion isnt stressed too greatly, it often is a catalyst for the theme of tradition. In Indian culture, religion is the launching point from which tradition is developed. Tradition plays the most vital role throughout the stories. More specifically, tradition is often presented by the clash between Old-world (Indian) tradition and that of American, or New-world tradition. It is often portrayed that ideal traditional standards are those of India. Tradition is then shown to hold little weight in America; gender roles, distaste for religion and culture, etc. Many stories portray that Indians in America as aware of tradition but find themselves abandoning it with changing times. The story of Boori Ma in A Real Durwan is, in itself, a metaphor for the plight of Tradition and how it is becoming victim to changing times. Boori Ma represents all that is old tradition; she often recalled her glorious past and readily maintained the present (providing maintenance for the building she inhabited and her duties as durwan). Many characters served as examples of the lack of tradition: Mrs. Das, Twinkle from This Blessed House, and Shoba to name a few. Then there are those who clung to tradition and found hardship, most notably Mrs. Sen, who discovered American life difficult and nearly impossible. But all in all, it was tradition or the lack thereof that fueled many of the books characters, and in turn provided a dynamic that solidified the differences between the characters. Jhumpa Lahiris Interpreter of Maladies provides a clear window into the heart of Indian culture. It approaches culture from all sides and serves to educate as well as entertain. The reoccurring themes of religion, tradition, gender roles, and secrecy lie at the heart of the book but with broadened scope, one can also see that these very themes play a part in everyday life and extend beyond that of Indian culture. So it becomes evident that Jhumpa Lahiri has captured not only the heart of Indian society, but that of humanity on the whole.

Protists Organisms in the Kingdom Protista

Protists Organisms in the Kingdom Protista Protists are organisms in the kingdom Protista. These organisms are eukaryotes, meaning they are made up of single or multiple cells which all contain a nucleus enclosed by a membrane. The protists are a diverse group of eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi. Organisms in the Protista kingdom include amoebae, red algae, dinoflagellates, diatoms, euglena, and slime molds. How Protists Are Defined Protists are defined by  how they obtain nutrition and how they move.  Protists are typically divided into three categories, including animal-like protists, plant-like protists, and fungus-like protists. Protists vary in how they move, which can range from cilia, flagella, and pseudopodia. In other words, protists move by microscopic hair that flaps together, by a long tail that moves back and forth, or by extending its cell body, similar to an  amoeba. Nutritionally,  protists tend to gather energy in a variety of ways. They can either eat food and digest it inside of themselves, or they may digest outside of their bodies by secreting enzymes. Other protists, like algae, perform photosynthesis and absorb energy from sunlight to make glucose. Animal-Like Protists Some protists look like animals and are typically referred to as protozoa. Most of these types of protists are made up of a single cell and are similar to animals in nature because they are  heterotrophs and able to move around. While they are not considered animals themselves, it is often thought that they may be a shared ancestor. Examples of animal-like protists include: Zooflagellates – flagellaSarcodines – extensions of cytoplasm (pseudopodia)Ciliates – ciliaSporozoans Plant-Like Protists There is also a large and diverse group of protists that are plant-like and known as algae. While some are single-celled, others like seaweed have multiple cells. For example, one type of protist in the marine environment is  Irish moss, which is a species of red algae. More plant-like protists include: DinoflagellatesDiatomsEuglenoidsRed algaeGreen algaeBrown algae Fungus-Like Protists Lastly, there are funguss of fungus-like protists may include: DictyosteliomycotaMyxomycotaLabyrinthulomycotaOomycetes The Benefits to Our World Protists are important to the world in several ways. You may be surprised to learn that chalk is made from the fossil shells of protists, which is helpful in our classrooms and our childrens creativity and play. Additionally, protists produce oxygen which is helpful for the planet. Many protists have a high nutritional value which can help improve illnesses. Protists like protozoa are used in foods like sushi and are good for our water, as protozoa are used to prey on bacteria and help to clean water for us to use.

Sociology and the Power of Sanctions in Compliance

Sociology and the Power of Sanctions in Compliance Sanctions, as defined within sociology, are ways of enforcing compliance with social norms. Sanctions are positive when they are used to celebrate conformity and negative when they are used to punish or discourage nonconformity. Either way, the use of sanctions and the outcomes they produce are used to encourage our conformity with social norms. For example, an individual who behaves appropriately in a given setting by being polite, socially engaged, or patient could be sanctioned with social approval. An individual who chooses to behave inappropriately by acting out of turn, saying or doing strange or unkind things, or expressing rudeness or impatience may be sanctioned with disapproval, expulsion, or more severe consequences, depending on the situation. How Sanctions Relate to Social Norms Social norms are expected behaviors that are agreed upon by a social group. Social norms are part of society as a whole (like using money as a tool for exchange) and of smaller groups (like wearing a business suit in a corporate setting). Social norms are thought to be necessary for social cohesion and interaction; without them, we could live in a chaotic, unstable, unpredictable, and noncooperative world. In fact, without them, we might not have a society. Societies, cultures, and groups often use sanctions to enforce compliance with their desired social norms. When an individual conforms- or does not conform- to the social norms, he or she may receive sanctions (consequences). In general, sanctions for conformity are positive while sanctions for nonconformity are negative. They can be informal sanctions such as shunning, humiliation, accolades, or awards to help shape the way individuals and institutions behave. Internal and External Sanctions Sanctions can be internal or external. Internal sanctions are consequences imposed by the individual, based on compliance with social norms. For example, an individual might suffer from embarrassment, shame, or depression as a result of noncompliance and associated exclusion from social groups. Imagine a child who decides to challenge social norms and authorities by stealing a candy bar from a store. Not being caught and without external sanctions, the child may feel miserable from guilt. Rather than eating the candy bar, the child then returns it and confesses guilt. This end result is the work of an internal sanction. External sanctions, on the other hand,  are consequences imposed by others and include things like expulsion from an organization, public humiliation, punishment by parents or elders, and arrest and imprisonment, and more. If a person breaks into and robs a store and is caught, there will be an arrest, an accusation of a crime, a court trial and the likelihood of being found guilty, and maybe jail time. What happens after the person is caught ​is a series of state-based external sanctions.​​​ Formal and Informal Sanctions Sanctions can be formal or informal. Formal sanctions are imposed through formal means by institutions or organizations upon other institutions, organizations, or upon individuals. They can be legal or based on an institutions formal code of rules and ethics. A nation that fails to comply with international law may be sanctioned, meaning that economic opportunities are withheld, assets are  frozen, or trade relationships are ended. Likewise, a student who plagiarizes a written assignment or cheats on a test may be sanctioned by the school with academic probation, suspension, or expulsion. To expand on the former example,  a nation that refuses to comply with an international ban on building nuclear weapons will face economic sanctions from nations that comply with the ban. As a result, the noncompliant country loses income, international status, and opportunities for growth as a result of the sanction. Informal sanctions are imposed by individuals or groups upon other individuals or groups without the use of a formal, institutional system. Scornful looks, shunning, boycotts, and other actions are forms of informal sanctioning. Take the example of a corporation whose products are made in factories in which child labor and abusive practices are rampant. Customers who object to this practice organize a boycott against the corporation. The corporation loses customers, sales, and income as a result of informal sanction.

2 short journal entries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

2 short journal entries - Essay Example Secrecy, by contrast, concerns what citizens may know, and the citizen is not told what may not be known.† Government restrictions on press credentialing as documented in the June 2014 study, and the government’s de facto position that embedded journalists have reduced First Amendment rights, as highlighted by Manning’s editorial, point to crisis of the free press, one of the most fundamental institutions in a democratic society. First and most obviously: in 2014, corporate media continue to reproduce what Hall termed â€Å"official ideologies of the status quo†- not simply reflecting a â€Å"consensual† style of politics but also reinforcing it by blocking certain kinds of events and actors from achieving news worthy status. It’s well known that burning fossil fuels in the form of coal, oil, and natural gas releases carbon dioxide into the air. Less understood is that a quarter of this carbon dioxide- about twenty trillion pounds, every year- is absorbed by oceans. Governments and international organizations are least concerned with damages caused by the burning of fossil fuels, and this negligent behavior of the policy makers have resulted in the unprecedented increase of ocean acidification. The top ten countries and their expected assistance (in millions of current US dollars) are as follows: Israel 3,100; Afghanistan 2,200; Egypt 1,600; Pakistan 1,200; Nigeria 693; Jordan 671; Iraq 573; Kenya 564; Tanzania 553; Uganda 456 Three former General Electric bankers- Dominick Carollo, Steven Goldberg, and Peter Grimm- had been convicted in 2012 for rigging auctions of municipal bonds, essentially stealing from projects intended to build public schools, hospitals, libraries, and nursing homes in virtually every US state. Exploiting the world’s resources and governments with criminal impunity, a wealthy elite- sporting an estimated $32 trillion in tax-exempt offshore havens- are the deep dark secret of plutocratic imperialism, operating

Analyze one or more main character traits of the protagonist in one of Essay

Analyze one or more main character traits of the protagonist in one of the stories. How do these traits create the action of the - Essay Example This is the character trait of Sammy and this paper is an analysis of Sammy’s character in order to trace how Updike weaves a beautiful story using this inherent weakness in the central character. The place where Sammy stands in the store gives him a full view of the intricate divisions in the store. His eyes can easily follow the customers who pick up the articles for purchase and for him â€Å"there was nothing much to do except lean on the register and wait for the girls to show up again† as it was a Thursday (Updike). The readers follow Sammy as he is also the narrator. When the three girls enter the store and when his eyes study the details of their physical appearance, Sammy becomes spellbound. The incident shows the natural impulses of a boy at the sight of his opposite sex. Sammy is overpowered by the force of female attraction: â€Å"With the straps pushed off, there was nothing between the top of the suit and the top of her head except just her †¦ it was more than pretty† (Updike). The girls have arrived there wearing their swimming suits, revealing the beautiful shapes of their bodies. He could bear the sight of the first two girls walking into the store, but the third one, Queenie's beauty, broke his heart. Sammy is an innocent boy who has not learned to live in this corrupt world. He reacts immediately to his impulses, to fulfill his desires.

Child Abuse and Major Long Term Essay Example for Free

Child Abuse and Major Long Term Essay Description of the possible signs, symptoms, indicators and behaviours that may concern in the context of safeguarding Children are usually abused by someone in their immediate family cycle. This can include parents, brothers, sisters, babysitters and other familiar adult. Children can be abused by age of up to 18 years and they likely to be at risk of physical injuries, sexual abuse, neglect, emotional abuse or verbal abuse. Child abuse can have major long term effects on all aspects of a child’s health, development and well being. The main forms of maltreatment are: Neglect sign; A child come to school usually with dirty skin, hair and clothes or without jacket in winter. Children in the school may feel hungry and tiredness or being left alone unsupervised. Even then they are sick not taken to GP for medical treatment. A child frequently absent from school and beg steal food or money. Possible symptom: A child appear to be indifferent and a child seems apathetic depressed. Also the a child behave irrationally or in a bizarre manner. - Impact of neglect: Impact of neglecting a child can cause brain damage and also have psychological implications such as cognitive delays or emotional difficulties. Psychological problem often manifest as high risk behaviour problem, depression and anxiety in children Emotion abuse: When a child feel furious, sad and crying and behaving inappropriately in the class that mean he is being emotional abused. Sign: When a child is being emotional abused he may chose dark colour to paint on the paper. Feeling low self esteem, seeking attention from others, behaviour difficulties, continual rocking, hair twisting, delayed development Possible symptom: CYP will delayed in languages development and play skills and have impaired ability to enjoyment in play. Not trusting other and feeling nervous all the time. CYP will feel guilty, ashamed and withdrawal of social interaction. Their mode will change and they frequently blaming others people. - Effects: emotional abuse is the most difficult form of a child maltreatment identify and to prevent. Babies who are emotionally abused may slow or fail to develop. Physical abuse Signs: Physical abuse is when children are being physical abused by someone. This can be involved hitting, biting, punching,  kicking, burning, scalding, shaking, throwing or beating with object such as stick and belt. It also includes poisoning, giving a child alcohol, drug Symptoms: Practitioner need to have acknowledgement of physical abuse and there signs to protect children from harm. Any injuries which parent doesn’t inform practitioner or children may not received medical treatment, can raise concern of abuse. Sometime children may refused to change clothe on PE day because they want to hide their injuries signs - Effects: Physical abuse can lead child physical injuries, disability and in extreme cases can cause death. Physical abuse has been link to emotional aggressive behaviour in children as well as can cause learning difficulties. Sexual abuse sign: Recurrent urinary infection, genital and rectal itching, blood in under paint and soreness, inappropriate behaviour and regarding age and ability, children may feel lack of trust, regression and become isolated and withdrawn Symptom: CYP will behave aggressive and disruptive behaviour and feeling afraid when they left alone. Difficulties in walking and setting and wearing so many layer of clothe. Change in behaviour around specific person and try to avoid familiar adult. Sexual acting and inappropriate sexual play. Also lack of interest playing with friend, sport and any other activities in the school. - Effect; The severe effect of sexual abuse can be on children they may suffer mental health problem, depression, identity confusion, behaviour difficulties and also emotional problem. References Describe That Possible Signs, Symptoms, Indicators and Behaviours That May Cause Concern in the Context of Safeguarding. http://www.studymode.com/essays/Describe-That-Possible-Signs-Symptoms-Indicators-878910.html(5/11/2012) Describe That Possible Signs, Symptoms, Indicators and Behaviours That May Cause Concern in the Context of Safeguarding http://www.silkysteps.com/forum/showthread.php?t=13536 (5/11/2012) Recognizing Child Abuse and Neglect: Signs and Symptomhttp://www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/factsheets/signs.cfm(6/11/2012) Meggitt C (2011) Cache Level 3 Diploma Children and Young People

Identity in William Gibson’s Neuromancer :: Neuromancer

The Question of Identity in William Gibson’s Neuromancer   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   William Gibson’s Neuromancer is a science fiction novel that is seen by many as the preeminent work of the â€Å"cyberpunk† genre.   Neuromancer, like the countless others of its kind to follow, addresses themes concerning identity and/or lack there of.   The â€Å"cyberpunk† genre as argued by Bruce Sterling was born out of the 1980's and was due in part to the rapid decentralization of technology.   With the influx of computers, the internet, and virtual reality into the everyday household came technological discoveries that affected the individual.   Certain themes that are central to â€Å"cyberpunk† involve implanted circuitry, cosmetic surgery, and mind invasions such as brain computer interfaces and artificial intelligence. (Sterling 346) With these issues in mind one must wonder what affect they have on the self or one’s identity.   Within Neuomancer, Gibson creates a future where identities can become obscure/ambi guous, due to the sophisticated technology available which may alter various facets of a person’s physical or mental identity.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In Neuromancer, Molly’s sunglasses can be seen as a technological adaptation prohibiting her eyes from being seen.   â€Å"...the glasses were surgically inset, sealing her sockets.   The silver lenses seemed to grow from smooth pale skin above her cheekbones...† (Gibson 24) The eyes are said to be windows to the soul.   Many emotions and states of mind are conveyed by the eyes.   Molly, however, does not relinquish this power of perception to others.   â€Å"The lenses were empty quicksilver, regarding him with an insect calm.† (Gibson 30) The mirrored sunglasses mask key characteristics of Molly’s identity (emotions).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Cosmetic surgery is another means by which characters in Gibson’s Neuromancer obscure their identities.   On several occasions the reader comes in contact with individuals who have had surgery to make themselves appear more youthful or even to create a new face.   Armitage and Riviera are two such characters who had faces created for them.   â€Å"He was very beautiful; Case assumed the features were the work of a Chiba surgeon.   A subtle job, nothing like Armitage’s blandly handsome blend of pop faces.†Ã‚   (Gibson 97) In this instance we have an example of two characters who have utilized state of the art technology to alter their physical identity.   Referring to two policemen, â€Å"Case peered at them and saw that their youth was counterfeit, marked by a certain telltale corrugation at the knuckles, something that the surgeons were unable to erase.

Louis Xiv, the Sun King

Louis XIV, the Sun King Historians over three centuries have both defended and criticized Louis XIV’s controversial reign. Many people hailed him as a great king; supreme as the sun he deemed his emblem. A great king is an unselfish one who is able to consider the people’s interest before their own. This is a direct contrast to how Louis XIV ruled France, but he still accomplished a remarkable amount for France. Even with his selfish agenda and lavish spending, it is without question that Louis still remains the most excellent and most powerful absolute monarch in European history.He is the epitome of an absolute monarch. Having so much authority making a few mistakes was inevitable. But in his successes, France was altered for the better, permanently. Louis challenged the status quo by doing what had never been attempted. His bold choices changed the lifestyle and attitude of Europe, by creating one of the most dynamic monarchies in history. Although some may question his effectiveness, under Louis XIV’s reign France achieved political, militarily, and cultural dominance.In regards to politics, Louis’ attitude can be summarized in one infamous statement:   Ã¢â‚¬Å"L'Etat, c'est moi† (I am state). In other words, he possessed total control over his people, as an absolute monarch. He often referred to himself as the Sun King; strategically coming up with such a name because the world revolves around the sun, as he wanted the people to revolve around him. His egotistical thinking earned him a few harsh critics but his dominance remained unquestioned. When in rule, he made it clear that his word was law.This was an effective approach for him. Through his absolute monarchy he was able to accomplish much for France, specifically in the early years of his reign. The Sun King even managed to strip parliament of their traditional power to obstruct legislation. Implementing the idea; once more, that he was absolute ruler of all things. When Louis came to power, France was disheveled nobles were asking for extensions of power, in which they did not need. He put an end to this debacle; in a time of separation, he sought to unify his people and he was able to do so.After centralizing government and gaining total control of reign, his efforts were focused on cutting deficit and promoting industrial growth. With the help of his alter ego, Jean Baptiste Colbert, they brought order out of chaos associated with the royal fiscal administration. Colbert possessed the interest in the people’s ideals that the king lacked; this helped him better advice the king in his political reforms. By enforcing such reforms he pushed France towards a more stable government.Louis XIV made his most substantial impact in the realm of militarism. The foreign policy of prestige was mainly concerned with strengthening the military. The king made such astute claims that needed a strong military to defend his word. During his reign, he to ok the initiative to build a massive army, which grew to be more powerful than ever. Military reforms vastly increased France’s power. By the late 1660’s, France was the most powerful state in Europe. The army’s destructiveness assisted in reaching his main goal: to extend France to its natural borders.His adoration for power led to a series of wars that lasted many years- The four distinct conflicts that characterized his military excursions were: War with Spain, the Dutch war, the war of Palatinate, and the war of Spanish succession. Unfortunately, his desire for expansion gained him a few enemies. The enemies being the countries he was trying to conquer. Even some of his people were underwhelmed with his efforts, having to pay for such reforms in heavy taxes. Overall, his military reforms helped France sustain a stronger army than ever.With such an astute commander, the French military was certainly a force to be reckoned with. Just as Louis’ wars domi nated political history in the late1600’s, his palace at Versailles dominated European culture. The age of Louis saw a flourishing of culture throughout Europe. As an absolute monarch, he assumed total control over everything, and culture was no exception. The state was able to manipulate cultural developments and take them to unprecedented heights. His influence on culture contributed to the prestige of France (). The Sun King also aided in the blossoming of art and architecture.The great king created many programs and institutes to infuse more of the arts into French culture. Louis’ patronage for the arts was concentrated on Versailles, a palace that is an unforgettable symbol of his power and influence on Europe. Versailles was one of the most beautiful achievements of eighteenth-century French art (). There was a shift from articulate paintings to posters, but the idea remained the same, to commemorate his power. The motives in supporting art were simple: to pass t he glamour and glory of his century to the generations to come.Louis XIV served the longest reign in European history. His time in power saw achievements that seemed unattainable for France, in the time before him. The age of Louis XIV was essential to European history for a manifold of reasons. First, his reign saw the triumph of absolutism, not only in France, but also in continental Europe. His creation of Versailles was an extravagant denotation for other European leaders to follow. Second, Louis’ wars proved the system of Balance of power to be an effective method. French aggression was contained and it became the norm.Most importantly, Louis’ reign established France as the dominant power in Europe. However, his legacy was not all positive; his lavish spending habits left his successors a huge debt. While conditions in France were well during his rule, the problems caused by his decisions would help ignite the French Revolution in 1789. With that being said, Loui s’ achievements deemed him one of the greatest monarchs in history. It is unfortunate that so many historians focus only on debt and military failures, and not what he was able to do for France, when they desperately needed change.

Were the American Colonists Justified in Waging War?

Tymyr Wilson 11/20/12 Mr. Jones U. S HIST. Were the American colonists justified in waging war and breaking away from Britain ? The colonists were in every right, aspect and mind not only justified but also it was about time that they stood of and actually take action against the British. The choice of going to war with them, was the only choice that they had.All diplimatical options that they had ceased to stand a chance against the tyrant Britain. From the very beginning when the colonists felt upset against their mother country and the way that they went about the law making, up until the beginning of the war, they tried all diplimatical options that they had by sending letters. When they didn’t work then they had no other means but to declare war. It was said and is very true, that the British gave a lot to the colonists and we see such helpings as in the French and Indian war.The British gave up a lot of troops and money and numerous others in fighting that war that the l east that the colonist could do is to pay the taxes. Well they do have a good right to say that since they were the contributing factor in the colonists being safe from the French and Indians. The people in the end should go about daily lives and pay the normal taxes but you do have to draw the line somewhere. The American colonists were justified in waging war and breaking away from Britain because of unjust laws, a King of tyranny, and both violating searches and officials.These things outraged the colonists in different ways. Forcing them to unite together and rebel against Britain, hence leading to Revolutionary War. First off, Parliament imposed many unjust laws they believed that Britain had the right to impose laws to regulate trade. However contrast the introduction of The Stamp Act was purely to gain revenue. The Stamp Act particularly affected lawyers merchants, and editors, as well as the general public parliament can make laws to bind us in all cases. The colonists wishe d to have a leader of respect who could look out for prosperity.The colonists argued that they were unfairly taxed without representation. In contrary there are many different views, concerning the causes of the Revolutionary War. The colonists felt that their privacy was offended and they were being treated inhumane fashion. Intolerable King oppressed the colonists. over the duration of time, there were many occurrences of injuries unlawful seizures. For example once the Sons Of Liberty used mob violence. Stamp agents resigned The Stamp Act was repealed. Parliament asserted with The Delatory Act. They felt it could pass numerous laws to keep control.

Biography of Mary Boleyn, the Boleyn Survivor

Biography of Mary Boleyn, the Boleyn Survivor Mary Boleyn (ca. 1499/1500–July 19, 1543) was a courtier and noblewoman at the court of Henry VIII of England. She was one of the king’s earlier mistresses before being supplanted by her sister Anne and marrying a soldier with little income. However, her absence from court allowed her to escape blame when her sister fell, and she was permitted to inherit what remained of the Boleyn property and fortune. Fast Facts: Mary Boleyn Occupation: CourtierKnown For: Sister of Anne Boleyn, mistress of King Henry VIII, and survivor of the Boleyns downfallBorn: circa 1499/1500 in Norfolk, EnglandDied: July 19, 1543 in EnglandSpouse(s): Sir William Carey (m. 1520-1528); William Stafford (m. 1534-1543)Children: Catherine Carey Knollys, Henry Carey, Edward Stafford, Anne Stafford Early Life in England and France Because of the shoddy record-keeping in the Tudor era, historians cannot pinpoint Mary’s exact date of birth or even her place in the birth order among the three Boleyn siblings. Most agree, however, that she was born around 1499 or 1500 at the Boleyn family home, Blickling Hall in Norfolk, and that she was the eldest child of Thomas Boleyn and his wife Katherine, nà ©e Lady Katherine Howard. The couple soon had another daughter, Anne, and a son, George. Mary was educated at her family’s primary seat, Hever Castle in Kent, along with her siblings. Her education consisted of basic school subjects such as math, history, reading, and writing, as well as the various skills and crafts required of a lady of noble birth, such as embroidery, music, etiquette, and dancing. When she was about fifteen, Mary’s father secured her a position in the royal court of France as a maid of honor to Princess Mary Tudor, soon to be Queen Mary of France. A Royal Mistress Twice Over Although young, Mary quickly established herself in the new queen’s household. Even when Queen Mary was widowed in 1515 and returned to England, Mary was permitted to stay behind at the court of Francis I. Her father Thomas, now the ambassador to France, and her sister Anne joined her. Between 1516 and 1519, Mary remained at the French court. While there, she apparently gained a reputation for her romantic behavior, having multiple affairs, including one with King Francis. Modern historians question whether contemporary accounts of her affairs were exaggerated or not; it certainly didn’t help that Francis infamously called her â€Å"a very great whore, the most infamous of all.† The Boleyns (aside from Anne) returned to England sometimes in 1519, and Mary was married to a respectable and wealthy courtier, William Carey, on February 2, 1520. She was given a position as a lady-in-waiting to the queen, Katherine of Aragon. Although King Henry was still fairly happy in his marriage to Katherine, it was well-known at this point that he often had affairs with the ladies of the court. One such affair, with a woman named Bessie Blount, resulted in an illegitimate son: Henry Fitzroy, whom the king acknowledged as his bastard. The queen, who had suffered several miscarriages and stillbirths and was approaching the end of her childbearing years, had no choice but to look the other way. At some point, though historians are unsure as to precisely when, Henry’s gaze fell on Mary, and they began an affair. In the early 1520s, Mary had two children: a daughter, Catherine Carey, and a son, Henry Carey. The rumor that King Henry fathered Catherine, Henry, or both has persisted and gained popularity, but there is no actual evidence behind the theory. The Other Boleyn For a time, Mary was the favorite of the court and the king (and thus of her family). However, in 1522, her sister Anne returned to England and also joined the queen’s court, although she and Mary likely moved in different circles, given Anne’s intense intellectual interests which Mary was not known to share. Anne became one of the more popular ladies at court, and, like so many before her, caught the attentions of the king. Unlike others, however, she refused to become his mistress. Many historians have interpreted this as an early sign of her ambitions to be queen, but other scholars have suggested that she simply was uninterested and would have preferred he cease his attentions so she could make a good, legitimate match. By 1527, however, Henry had made up his mind to divorce Katherine and marry Anne, and in the meantime, Anne was treated as de facto queen. Mary’s husband William died when the sweating sickness swept through the court in 1528, leaving her with debts. Anne took over guardianship of Mary’s son Henry, giving him a respectable education, and secured a widow’s pension for Mary. Anne was crowned queen on June 1, 1533, and Mary was one of her ladies. By 1534, Mary had remarried for love to William Stafford, a soldier and the second son of a landowner in Essex. Stafford had little income, and the couple was married in secret. When Mary became pregnant, however, they were forced to reveal their marriage. Queen Anne and the rest of the Boleyn family were furious that she had married without royal permission, and the couple was banished from court. Mary attempted to get the king’s advisor, Thomas Cromwell, to intervene on her behalf, but King Henry either never got the message or was not moved to action. Likewise, the Boleyns did not relent until Anne did; she sent Mary some money but did not reinstate her position at court. Between 1535 and 1536, Mary and William are believed to have had two children of their own: Edward Stafford (who died at the age of ten), and Anne Stafford, whose whereabouts as an adult are lost to history. Final Years and Legacy of Survival By 1536, Queen Anne had fallen out of favor, and she was arrested (along with her brother George and several male courtiers) and charged with treason, witchcraft, and adultery. Mary did not communicate with her family at this time – indeed, there is no record of contact after Anne’s brief gift following Mary’s exile. Anne was executed on May 19, 1536 (her brother had been executed the day prior), and the remains of the Boleyn family were disgraced. Mary, however, escaped notice. She and her family continued to live off their lands. Mary died on July 19, 1543; her specific cause of death is unknown. Mary never returned to court, but her daughter, Catherine Carey, was summoned by the head of the Howard/Boleyn clan to serve as a lady-in-waiting, first to Anne of Cleves, then to her distant cousin Catherine Howard. Eventually, she became the first lady of the bedchamber (a high-ranked lady-in-waiting) to her cousin, Queen Elizabeth I. Through Catherine and her husband Sir Francis Knollys, Mary’s lineage remains in the British royal family to this day: Queen Elizabeth II is her descendant through her mother, Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother. Mary was mostly forgotten by history in favor of the more colorful and influential figures of the Tudor era. She featured in a few historical fiction and non-fiction texts, but she gained attention in popular culture following Philippa Gregory’s 2001 novel The Other Boleyn Girl and its subsequent 2008 film adaptation. Because many details of her life were not recorded (she was noble, but not especially important), we only know bits and pieces about her. More than anything, her legacy is not one of being the â€Å"unimportant† Boleyn, but of being the Boleyn who survived and thrived. Sources Gregory, Philippa. The Other Boleyn Girl. Simon Schuster, 2001.Hart, Kelly. The Mistresses of Henry VIII.  The History Press, 2009.Weir, Alison. Mary Boleyn: The Mistress of Kings.  Ballantine Books, 2011.Wilkinson, Josephine. Mary Boleyn: The True Story of Henry VIIIs Favorite Mistress. Amberley, 2009.

An Ethical Evaluation Of The Israeli Palestinian Conflict Religion Essay

An Ethical Evaluation Of The Israeli Palestinian Conflict Religion Essay The Middle East is perhaps the most important region in the world. For followers of the three monotheistic faiths, it contains several holy cities, with the most important being Jerusalem. The violence in the region, specifically in Israel-Palestine, makes it difficult for observers of these religions to worship as they please. There have been many efforts to resolve the conflict begun in the first half of the twentieth century, from peace talks to international laws. However, nothing seems to have helped. The solution needs to be one that benefits all in the region and is ethical. It is impossible, however, to solve the Israeli-Palestinian conflict with the current definition of ethics being used – ethics of obligations, rights, and claims. Instead, a new ethics of fairness and forgiveness needs to be followed. Memory also needs to experience a shift from a focus on vengeance to a focus on remembering justly. Terms Defined In order to better understand the terms used by diff erent groups examined within this paper, it is necessary to define basic terms and indicate in which ways they will be used. Israel will be used when referring to the present country of Israel. This does not include the occupied territories and is limited to the present day land. Eretz Israel will be used when necessary to describe the historically Biblical land of Israel. Any other forms of Israel discussed will be defined by the year or another trait. The occupied territories (OT) as a term will be used when discussing both the West Bank and Gaza Strip or, in different time periods, any of the lands Israeli forces occupied. If this is the case, the year will be given as well as a geographical description. During the Six Day War in 1967, for example, the Sinai Peninsula would also be an occupied territory. The West Bank was conquered by Israeli forces during the 1967 Six Day War and have been in relative control of the territory ever since. Current Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin N etanyahu is planning yet more Israeli settlements within the West Bank. However, international organizations such as the United Nations believe the continued settlements to be illegal.   [ 1 ]   The Gaza Strip was controlled by Egypt until the 1967 war, when Israeli forces invaded and conquered it. In 1994, the Palestinian Authority (the governing body of the occupied territories) took political control of lands in the strip not being used by Israeli armed forces or settlers. East Jerusalem was taken over by Israeli forces during the Six Day War. According to UN Resolution 181, Jerusalem is supposed to be an international city, with a â€Å"special international regime† which â€Å"shall be administered by the United Nations.†Ã‚   [ 2 ]    Fundamentalism is defined by the Encyclopedia Britannica as a â€Å"type of militantly conservative religious [and/or political] movement characterized by the advocacy of strict conformity to sacred texts.†Ã‚   [ 3 ]   To the American public, this term generally is associated with Islamic fundamentalists. Within any religion, however, there can be different groups of fundamentalists. Islamic fundamentalists often restrict themselves to very literal interpretations of the Qur’an, their main holy text, and the Hadith, a book about the life of the Prophet Muhammad. Islamic fundamentalists are often associated with Islamism. Not all Islamic fundamentalists are Islamists, but generally speaking, all Islamists are Islamic fundamentalists. Islamists want a religious state, with Islamic law, or Shari’a, replacing secular laws. Islamists also promote the notion of pan-Islamism, or the unity of all Muslims, and the elimination of non-Islamic influences, such as western ideals, practices, and more.   [ 4 ]   For many, this means waging a holy war against outsiders, known as a lesser jihad in mainstream Islam.

Budgetary Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Budgetary Planning - Essay Example In the meantime, if the employees find it difficult to attain the targets then it might instead be de-motivating for them (University of Gothenburg. â€Å"Budget-A Perfect Management Tool†). Organizations can allocate certain percentage of budget in order to motivate the employees when they are performing well in an organization. For instance, the company can arrange for travel program for the sales support team that attains the target on a stipulated period of time. In such cases, the company will bear the complete expenses of the employees sent for travelling along with the family (University of Gothenburg. â€Å"Budget-A Perfect Management Tool†). Such kind of budgets can assist in motivating the employee to a great extent and thus can assist the organization to attain its objectives within a short period of time. It is to be remembered that such budgets help to augment the performance of the employees and thus increase their productivity as well. Budget is one of the significant sources of motivation for the employees. Hence, it is crucial for an organization to plan budgets in a way so that it can be utilized for the purpose of motivating the employees. It is to be remembered by the employers that the budgets will have no motivational effects unless they are accepted by the managers involved as their own personal target. In such circumstances, the employer needs to make the managers involvement compulsory in such activities. It is a well known fact that the demanding budgets are seen as more applicable in comparison to less difficult targets. However, negative attitudes can result in if they are viewed as too complex. Therefore, in such circumstances, allocation of budget needs to be done properly so that it serves as a motivational tool. Acceptance of budgets is facilitated when good upward communication exists. The use of departmental meetings can be quite helpful in encouraging the managers to accept

All Museums Should Be Free Of Charge All The Time Essay

All Museums Should Be Free Of Charge All The Time - Essay Example Museums are repositories of knowledge and through them, we discover and find out important aspects of our civilization. Free access to museums would help a greater number of people to learn and discover additional things about their country and help to encourage feelings of nationwide unity and identity, at the same time as promoting greater comprehension and acceptance of foreign cultures. A number of museums in the United States have made an entry for the public free of charge. These museums generally use the city and county tax collections for funding their maintenance. The Walters Art Museum in Baltimore has eliminated entry charges. Since it has an internationally renowned collection of art, the removal of admission charges would bring a greater number of people in contact with the culture of the world. The museum has a collection of a variety of world art spanning from pre-dynastic Egypt to Europe belonging to the twentieth century. It treasures a priceless collection of Greek sculptures and Roman sarcophagi; ivories of the Middle Ages and Old Master paintings; jewelry from Art Deco and nineteenth-century American and European masterpieces (Smith; The Walters Art Museum). The Toledo Art Museum in Ohio follows a free admission policy laid down in its charter of 1901, the year of its establishment. It has a huge collection of European and American paintings, glass works, Roman, Greek, Asian, African and medieval art and sculptures as well as modern and contemporary works. The Toledo Museum of Art still remains as a private, non-profit foundation and exhibits its collection to the public, free of admission charges and is open six days a week (Museum Home). The St. Louis Art Museum also guarantees free entries to the museum. This policy came up after they started using the county and city tax revenue in 1971.

Business Intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Business Intelligence - Essay Example Howard Dresner, a Research Fellow at Gartner Group in 1989, established the term "Business Intelligence", to describe a set of concepts and methods to improve business decision-making by using fact-based support systems. In "Business Intelligence: The Savvy Manager's Guide" David Loshin describes the basic architectural components of a business intelligence environment, ranging from traditional topics such as business process modeling, data modeling, and more modern topics such as business rule systems, data profiling, information compliance and data quality, data warehousing, and data mining. David Loshin has described Business Intelligence on the basis of Data Models, Data Standards. He has also extensively appreciated the use of XML as a framework that is gaining in popularity for developing data standards. While XML is not used to prescribe a standard; it is used to define standards for the exchange of information through conforming documents. Data values in an XML document are surrounded by tags (labels), that identify where the data content begins and ends. "To leverage business intelligence, business users need to understand the value of business intelligence and how it can help them. One of the more popular tables: promoting BI to increase adoption. It was simple, soft selling - business intelligence is value added and not obviously essential to many users. It requires a more proactive, promotional approach. Business intelligence also demands promotion because it is still relatively new as a technical innovation so few business users know all the myriad ways BI can be leveraged. To effectively promote business intelligence, you first need to apply some marketing concepts to your BI deployment. Fail to do this first and at best you will have zero impact and at worst come across as a glorified technocrat trying to justify your existence." Promoting Your Business Intelligence Initiative, Cindi Howson, 8th October 2008. http://www.b-eye-network.com/view/8656. As any marketing guru would confirm, the success of any business depends on marketing. Marketing as a concept has to keep in mind various factors and has to be managed in a planned and strategic manner. In "Promoting Your Business Intelligence Initiative", , 8th October 2008, accessed on 3rd Nov,2008, http://www.b-eye-network.com/view/8656. Cindi Howson, states the following: "Marketing is about focusing on what customers need so providers can build better products they'll actually use. It's the strategy that goes into the BI application before you begin touting it as your company's killer app." In common terms, business intelligence can be described as the sum total of factors, which help take major decisions in any business. These factors include customers, competitors, business partners, economic environment and internal operations. Customers are the key to any business' success. The entrepreneur must make it a point to keep the customer's preferences in mind while designing a product. Again, geographical and cultural factors need to be given due importance while designing a product for a certain market. Business intelligence can be used to align businesses and products according to customers' preferences. Business Intelligence is used to collect data from customers within the marketplace. Customer surveys and polls are tools to gauge

The Importance of Feasibility Analysis

The Importance of Feasibility Analysis This report analyses the importance of Feasibility Analysis to businesses when they are deciding on the viability of a proposed business venture involving the implementation or improvement of an information system. This report is split into three parts the initial part defines a feasibility analysis, the second part explains how an IT feasibility analysis should be conducted using the template of the IT Infrastructure Library (ITIL) and the last section in this report examines a completed feasibility study by Powerco, a utilities distribution Company in New Zealand. What is a feasibility analysis? As the words feasibility analysis suggests a feasibility analysis is carried out to decide on the viability of a proposed venture; basically it answers the essential question of is it a viable option and should the project be implemented. All stages of the analysis are carried out in order to answer this question. When researching it is clear that the majority of all large successful businesses conduct a feasibility study to ensure they embark on a viable project, for example Microsoft have a large research department situated in many different cities throughout the globe, this department collaborates with many institutions producing many feasibility analyses a year. When examining successful businesses such as Microsoft, I discovered they will not commit to a new project without first thoroughly assessing all of the variables and reviewing the probability of success through a feasibility study. The feasibility analysis process As a feasibility analysis is often time consuming and expensive (many companies pay consultants to perform the analysis), a preliminary study is undertaken to determine if it would be worthwhile to proceed to the feasibility analysis, within this preliminary study the evaluation of alternatives is made along with brief cost and benefit analysis. A feasibility study is usually conducted after the project managers have discussed all project ideas and every possible scenario, only if the results are positive the feasibility study begins. The content of feasibility Analysis Within a feasibility study it is necessary to discuss a number of areas including; details of the present system; what are the functions and objectives, who are the Stakeholders and the reasons to improve or replace the current system for example inconsistencies / inadequacies in functionality or performance, is there any possible solution alternatives and the advantages and disadvantages of the alternatives. Feasibility analysis can be split into four types; Operational factors; Operational feasibility is used to assess how well the information systems will work if implemented in the given environment. Define the urgency of the project If the project is implemented, will it be a success? Does management support the project? How do end users feel about the new system? People tend to resist change can this problem be overcome? Can management and end users adapt to the change? Has the proposed venture conflicted with organisational or government regulations? Schedule factors; It often takes time to build and implement an information system solution; will the project still be necessary on completion? The technology may exist, but are there the skills available to not only complete the project but complete it on schedule? Is the project deadline reasonable? Is the deadline desirable or mandatory? What are the results of failing to meet the project deadline? Technical; Technical feasibility is the measure of the practicality of specific technical information system solutions and the availability of technical resources. Often new technologies are solutions looking for a problem to solve: Is the technology for the information system solution practical? Does the necessary technology exist? Is the technology proven? Is the technology practical and reliable? Are the necessary skills available to design and implement the system? Is there the infrastructure to cope with ongoing maintenance (problems, upgrades) Economic; This is regularly the most important analysis made, it asks important questions; Is the project justified (i.e. will benefits outweigh costs)? Can the project be done, within given cost constraints? What is the minimal cost to attain a certain system? Which alternative offers the best return on investment? How much will it cost to maintain? The 12 Stages of an ITIL Feasibility Analysis ITIL is a global guidance document that provides worlds best practices for IT service management companies. ITIL guidelines are often used in feasibility studies and are broken down into twelve stages. These twelve stages are described in this next section and if necessary a brief example has been given; Introduction It is important that an introduction to the feasibility analysis is made; this introduction includes the content, the intent, the intended audience, the purpose, and organizational details of the feasibility analysis. Management Summary This stage summarises, what the other stages within the template will explain in more detail; this section provides a quick overview of the feasibility analysis and would include the following, an Introduction, Management Summary, Background of the Project, Objectives, Situation, Benefits, Problems and Risks, Technical Requirements, Options, Cost/Benefit Analysis, Financial/Budget Implications and Recommendations Background to the Project A project is proposed for a specific scenario and this step describes the reason the proposal exists. For example; current sales are at a low due to increased competition, the proposal is for a new company website, where customers are able to buy directly. Objectives The high level business purposes of the proposal, including the long-range management goals. For example, the proposed project is to increase sales by an estimated 15% per annum over the next ten years. Situation This step describes the present condition, without the service in place, including market conditions, it is necessary to highlight the need for the proposed system, and the consequences of the proposal not being authorized. Benefits In the benefits section, it is necessary to focus on the short term benefits of the proposal; this is different to the objective stage which focuses on the long term gains and the cost-benefit step which focuses primarily on the financial benefits. An example of this could be the increased customer satisfaction of the proposed website. Problems and Risks It is important to identify and assess possible problems and risks of the proposed project associated with it within the development, design, and deployment stages. This is done by doing a risk assessment on the proposed system; this will be used to identify problems in many different areas, including technologies, lack of user support, or resources. Technical Requirements Has the business the technological infrastructure for the proposed system? These requirements include knowledge of the hardware and software required, for example, does the business possess the database architecture, network structures, and hardware to sustain the website, will it be necessary to outsource? Options It is recommended in the ITIL framework that a feasibility analysis includes any alternatives to the proposal, including advantages and disadvantages and costs. An example of this could be advertising to increase sales and would show the estimated cost of this. Cost/Benefit In this step, the total cost of the project is calculated; this includes development, design, deployment, and maintenance of the new service. Costs include facilities, hardware, labor, and software. The project cost is compared to the financial benefits provided by the proposed system. What are benefits? These are examples of benefits, more accurate / timely information. Improved operation, increased flexibility of operation, increased output, error reductions, cost reductions; benefits can be placed into three different categories; Monetary; when money values can be calculated, Tangible; when benefits can be quantified, but monetary values cannot be calculated. Intangible; when neither of the others apply, this applies there is a benefit, but it cannot be quantified. There are different types of costs; Project related; development, purchasing, Installation, training costs, Operational costs; these costs are often ongoing costs and include; Maintenance on the hardware; maintenance, lease, materials Software; maintenance fees and contracts Personnel; operation, maintenance There are a number of tools used, which helps in the economic section of the feasibility analysis these are; Cost-benefit analysis (CBA); which estimates and totals up the equivalent money value of the benefits and costs of proposed projects to establish whether they are worthwhile. Payback Analysis; which is used to calculate how long it will take to pay the costs of the project Return on Investment Analysis; which compares the lifetime profitability of alternative solutions, Net Present Value Analysis: using current monetary values, profitability is determined of the proposed project, Return On Investment (ROI) compares the lifetime profitability of alternative solutions, (Lifetime benefits Lifetime costs) Lifetime costs and finally you can compare alternatives with the feasibility analysis matrix. Financial/Budget Implications Once the overall costs have been established, it is necessary to verify if the necessary funds are available, if so how? This may result in changes to the budget or priorities and reducing expenditure to accommodate the costs. Recommendations In this final step recommendations regarding the proposal are made including scheduling and budgeting Summary In summary these twelve steps that make up the ITIL is among the first activities a manager will undertake in preparation for a proposal for a new IT service, though it is important to remember these steps make a general guide and different information systems may require amendments. Examples of feasibility analysis Though the majority of businesses keep their own feasibility analysis private, research identified an interesting feasibility analysis conducted by Powerco. In this section I will briefly review this feasibility analysis in a case study due to the word restrictions on this essay and the extensiveness of the ITIL framework. Powerco has an estimated 410,000 consumers which makes it one of New Zealands largest utilities Companies. These customers expect a reliable service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Powerco applications are split between two platforms; Oracle RAC and Microsoft SQL Server, which has meant that the business had additional expenses of licensing, supporting, operating, and maintaining two systems. Additionally it was awkward for staff to alternate between the systems when working. As the Oracle platform of Powercos warranty cycle was approaching expiration, and the financial system was scheduled an important upgrade, it was clear to the company that it was time to reassess its options and whether it should consolidate to a single server platform or replace existing hardware. Powerco acknowledged that to consolidate the database platforms would create a more simple IT environment and would reduce the total cost of the database system significantly. The case for consolidation was simple why maintain two systems if you dont need to? explains Mr. Griffiths, Infrastructure Manager, Powerco. Powerco undertook preliminary study of the solutions and assessed the pros and c ons of Oracle versus SQL Server. This analysis pointed towards some significant advantages in choosing SQL Server over Oracle. These included reduced licensing and maintenance costs, ease of management and fewer requirements for a specialised skill set to manage and service the system. A feasibility study of migrating to SQL Server was then completed by consultants on Powercos behalf including a cost/benefit analysis, a risk assessment, analysis of the alternatives and the four factors discussed earlier in this report, this confirmed Powercos applications could be supported on SQL Server, with the remaining end of life applications being replaced with SQL Server compatible ones, the feasibility study showed that unlike other options Microsoft SQL Server, serving could be done in-house. Microsofts SQL Server was the cheapest option to license, maintain, and support, particularly because of the specialised nature of Oracle. The business would be more streamline and efficient with just the single platform. Increases security. Further Tangible and Non-tangible benefits. Due to the results of the feasibility study, Powerco changed from the two platforms to solely Microsoft SQL Server, the result of this consolidation has meant Powerco has been able to reduce costs significantly, also ensuring it was easier to maintain and manage in-house and eliminating the need for external consultants. The migration to SQL Server has cut the overall cost of ownership by $390,000 a year, also helping to streamline Powercos IT systems and have given a number of other Tangible and Non-tangible benefits. Conclusion In conclusion this report has explained what a feasibility study is and when it should be used, I have then reviewed the various stages which are recommended by the IT industry experts at the ITIL and have given an example of a successful feasibility study undertaken by Powerco. I believe to be objective this report should have explored examples of a unsuccessful feasibility study, however this was not possible due to my research not providing any suitable cases, but still the findings of this report are clear, it is advisable to do a feasibility analysis, as it is tried and tested and the vast majority of large and established companies use this method to check the viability of a proposed venture and are taking a substantial risk if a feasibility study is not carried out before embarking on new project.